Operators in C

In this article we are going to learn different operators in C, so lets start.

An operator is a symbol that works on the variable or on the values of the variable, which directs the compiler what is to be done. These are used in specific mathematical and logical operations.

There are different types of operators in C, they are:

Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operator
Assignment Operator
Misc. Operators

Let us discuss them one by one.

Arithmetic Operators:

Such kind of operators performs all kind of mathematical operations, they are:

Operators	Name	Meaning
+	Addition	Adds two operands
–	Subtraction	Subtracts second operand from the first
*	Multiplication	Multiplies both the operands
/	Division	Divides numerator by de-numerator
%	Modulo	Divides and returns the remainder value

Arithmetic Operators

Example illustrating the arithmetic operators:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int a=20,b=10;
	int res=a+b;//addition operator
	printf("The addition operator=%d",res);
	int res1=a-b;//subtraction operator
	printf("\nThe subtraction operator=%d",res1);
	int res2=a*b;//multiplication operator
	printf("\nThe multiplication operator=%d",res2);
	int res3=a/b;//division operator
	printf("\nThe division operator=%d",res3);
	int res4=a%b;//modulo operator
	printf("\nThe modulo operator=%d",res4);
	return 0;
}

Output:

Relational Operator:

As the name suggests a relational operator shows the relation between two operands. The following table shows all the relational operator.

Operator	Name	Meaning
==	Equal to	Checks if the values of the two operands are equal or not, true when equal.
!=	Not equal to	Checks if the values of the two operands are equal or not, true when not equal.
>	Greater than	Checks which is greater among two operands.
<	Less than	Checks which is smaller among two operands.
>=	Greater than equals to	Checks which is greater or equal to among two operands.
<=	Less than equals to	Checks which is smaller or equal to among two operands.

Relational Operators

An example illustrating the relational operator:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 10, b = 20, c = 10;
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, b, a == b);
    printf("%d == %d is %d \n", a, c, a == c);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, b, a > b);
    printf("%d > %d is %d \n", a, c, a > c);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, b, a < b);
    printf("%d < %d is %d \n", a, c, a < c);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, b, a != b);
    printf("%d != %d is %d \n", a, c, a != c);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, b, a >= b);
    printf("%d >= %d is %d \n", a, c, a >= c);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, b, a <= b);
    printf("%d <= %d is %d \n", a, c, a <= c);
    return 0;
}

Output:

Logical Operator:

The operators used to evaluate two or more expressions are called logical operators. The following table shows the operators:

Operators	Name	Meaning
&&	Logical and	True if both the operands are non-zero
\|\|	Logical or	True if any one of the operand is non-zero
!	Logical not	Reverse the logical state of its operand

Logical Operators Table

An example illustrating the logical operator:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a=10, b=20, c=10, res;

    res=(a==b) && (c>b);
    printf("(a == b) && (c > b) is %d \n", res);

    res=(a==b) && (c<b);
    printf("(a == b) && (c < b) is %d \n", res);

    res=(a==b) || (c<b);
    printf("(a == b) || (c < b) is %d \n", res);

    res=(a!=b) || (c<b);
    printf("(a != b) || (c < b) is %d \n", res);

    res=!(a!=b);
    printf("!(a != b) is %d \n", res);

    res=!(a==b);
    printf("!(a == b) is %d \n", res);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Bitwise Operator:

This operator works bit by bit and performs bit by bit operation. The following table shows the bitwise operators:

Operators	Name
&	Bitwise AND
\|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise exclusive OR
~	Bitwise Complement
<<	Shift left
>>	Shift right

Bitwise Operators

An example illustrating a bitwise operator:

//example of bitwise operator

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int a=6,b=4;
    printf("(a&b)=>%d\n",a&b);
    printf("(a|b)=>%d\n",a|b);
    printf("~(a)=>%d\n",~a);
    printf("~(b)=>%d\n",~b);
    printf("(a>>2)=>%d\n",a>>2);
    printf("(a<<2)=>%d\n",a<<2);
    printf("(b>>2)=>%d\n",b>>2);
    printf("(b<<2)=>%d\n",b<<2);
    return 0;
}

Output:

#Ouutput
(a&b)=>4
(a|b)=>6
~(a)=>-7
~(b)=>-5
(a>>2)=>1
(a<<2)=>24
(b>>2)=>1
(b<<2)=>16

Assignment Operator:

This operator is used to assign value to a variable. The table shows the assignment operators:

Operator	Name
=	Assignment operator
+=	Add AND assignment operator
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator
/=	Divide AND assignment operator
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator

Shorthand Assignment Operator

Example illustrating the assignment operator:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 5, c;

    c = a;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c += a; 
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c -= a;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c *= a;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c /= a;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);
    c %= a;
    printf("c = %d\n", c);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Misc. Operators:

This operator contains the other operators such as the increment, decrement and sizeof operators. The table below shows the operators:

Operators	Name
++	Increment operator
—	Decrement operator
sizeof	Sizeof operator

Miscellaneous Operators

Example illustrating the misc. operators:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a = 10, a1 = 20;
    float b;
    double c;
    char d;

    printf("++a = %d \n", ++a);
    printf("--b = %d \n", --a1);
    printf("Size of int=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(a));
    printf("Size of float=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(b));
    printf("Size of double=%lu bytes\n",sizeof(c));
    printf("Size of char=%lu byte\n",sizeof(d));


    return 0;
}