Hierarchical Inheritance In C++

The process of deriving many classes from a base class is known as hierarchical inheritance In c++.

Syntax of Hierarchical inheritance:

class A  
{  
    // body of the class A.  
}    
class B : public A   
{  
    // body of class B.  
}  
class C : public A  
{  
    // body of class C.  
}   
class D : public A  
{  
    // body of class D.  
}

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Let’s live example:

#include <iostream>  
using namespace std;  
class Shape                 // Declaration of base class.  
{  
    public:  
    int a;  
    int b;  
    void get_data(int n,int m)  
    {  
        a= n;  
        b = m;  
    }  
};  
class Rectangle : public Shape  // inheriting Shape class  
{  
    public:  
    int rect_area()  
    {  
        int result = a*b;  
        return result;  
    }  
};  
class Triangle : public Shape    // inheriting Shape class  
{  
    public:  
    int triangle_area()  
    {  
        float result = 0.5*a*b;  
        return result;  
    }  
};  
int main()  
{  
    Rectangle r;  
    Triangle t;  
    int length,breadth,base,height;  
    std::cout << "Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle: " << std::endl;  
    cin>>length>>breadth;  
    r.get_data(length,breadth);  
    int m = r.rect_area();  
    std::cout << "Area of the rectangle is : " <<m<< std::endl;  
    std::cout << "Enter the base and height of the triangle: " << std::endl;  
    cin>>base>>height;  
    t.get_data(base,height);  
    float n = t.triangle_area();  
    std::cout <<"Area of the triangle is : "  << n<<std::endl;  
    return 0;  
}

Output:

Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle:
23  
20  
Area of the rectangle is : 460          
Enter the base and height of the triangle:  
2   
5
Area of the triangle is : 5