In this post today I am going to explaining about another GitHub Repository Python syntax highlighted Markdown doctest. Command-line program to test Python syntax highlighted code examples in Markdown.
- Writes a pytest test file that tests Python examples in README and other Markdown files.
- Reads these from Markdown fenced code blocks:
- Python interactive sessions described by doctest.
- Python source code and expected terminal output.
- The test cases are run later by calling pytest.
- Simple use case is possible with no Markdown edits at all.
- More features selected by adding HTML comment directives to the Markdown.
- Set test case name.
- Add a pytest.mark.skip decorator.
- Promote names defined in a test case to module level globals.
- Label any fenced code block for later retrieval (API).
- Add inline annotations to comment out sections of code.
- Get code coverage by running pytest with coverage.
- Select Python source code blocks as setup and teardown code.
- Setup applies to code blocks and optionally to session blocks.
- An included Python library: Latest Development tools API.
- functions to read fenced code blocks from Markdown. (tool.py)
- runs phmdoctest and can run pytest too. (simulator.py)
- extract testsuite tree and list of failing trees from JUnit XML. (tool.py)
Installation:
It is advisable to install in a virtual environment.
python -m pip install phmdoctest
Sample Usage:
Given the Markdown file shown in raw form here…
<!--phmdoctest-mark.skip-->
<!--phmdoctest-label test_example-->
```python
print("Hello World!")
```
```
incorrect expected output
```the command…
phmdoctest tests/one_mark_skip.md --outfile test_one_mark_skip.py
creates the python source code file shown here…
"""pytest file built from tests/one_mark_skip.md"""
import pytest
from phmdoctest.functions import _phm_compare_exact
@pytest.mark.skip()
def test_example(capsys):
print("Hello World!")
_phm_expected_str = """\
incorrect expected output
"""
_phm_compare_exact(a=_phm_expected_str, b=capsys.readouterr().out)
Run the –outfile with pytest…
$ pytest -vv test_one_mark_skip.py test_one_mark_skip.py::test_example SKIPPED
- The HTML comments in the Markdown are phmdoctest directives.
- The mark.skip directive adds the @pytest.mark.skip() line.
- The label directive names the test case function.
- List of Directives
- Directives are not required.
Sample usage without directives:
Given the Markdown file example1.md shown in raw form here…
# This is Markdown file example1.md
## Interactive Python session (doctest)
```py
>>> print("Hello World!")
Hello World!
```
## Source Code and terminal output
Code:
```python
from enum import Enum
class Floats(Enum):
APPLES = 1
CIDER = 2
CHERRIES = 3
ADUCK = 4
for floater in Floats:
print(floater)
```
sample output:
```
Floats.APPLES
Floats.CIDER
Floats.CHERRIES
Floats.ADUCK
```
the command…
phmdoctest doc/example1.md --outfile test_example1.py
creates the python source code file test_example1.py shown here…
"""pytest file built from doc/example1.md"""
from phmdoctest.functions import _phm_compare_exact
def session_00001_line_6():
r"""
>>> print("Hello World!")
Hello World!
"""
def test_code_14_output_28(capsys):
from enum import Enum
class Floats(Enum):
APPLES = 1
CIDER = 2
CHERRIES = 3
ADUCK = 4
for floater in Floats:
print(floater)
_phm_expected_str = """\
Floats.APPLES
Floats.CIDER
Floats.CHERRIES
Floats.ADUCK
"""
_phm_compare_exact(a=_phm_expected_str, b=capsys.readouterr().out)
Then run a pytest command something like this in your terminal to test the Markdown session, code, and expected output blocks.
pytest --doctest-modules
Or these two commands:
pytest python -m doctest test_example1.py
The line_6 in the function name session_00001_line_6 is the line number in example1.md of the first line of the interactive session. 00001 is a sequence number to order the doctests.
The 14 in the function name test_code_14_output_28 is the line number of the first line of python code. 28 shows the line number of the expected terminal output.
One test case function is generated for each:
- Markdown fenced code block interactive session
- Python-code/expected-output Markdown fenced code block pair
The --report option below shows the blocks discovered and how they are tested.
–report
To see the GFM fenced code blocks in the MARKDOWN_FILE use the --report option like this:
phmdoctest doc/example2.md --report
which lists the fenced code blocks it found in the file example2.md. The test role column shows how each fenced code block is tested.
doc/example2.md fenced blocks
------------------------------------------------
block line test TEXT or directive
type number role quoted and one per line
------------------------------------------------
python 9 code
14 output
python 20 code
26 output
31 --
python 37 code
python 44 code
51 output
yaml 59 --
text 67 --
py 75 session
python 87 code
94 output
py 102 session
------------------------------------------------
7 test cases.
1 code blocks with no output block.
Identifying blocks
The PYPI commonmark project provides code to extract fenced code blocks from Markdown. Specification CommonMark Spec and website CommonMark.
Python code, expected output, and Python interactive sessions are extracted.
Only GFM fenced code blocks are considered.
A block is a session block if the info_string starts with ‘py’ and the first line of the block starts with the session prompt: '>>> '.
To be treated as Python code the opening fence should start with one of these:
```python ```python3 ```py3
plus the block contents can’t start with '>>> '.
The examples use the info_strings python for code and py for sessions since they render with coloring on GitHub, readthedocs, GitHub Pages, and Python package index.
project.md has more examples of code and session blocks.
It is ok if the info string is laden with additional text, it will be ignored. The entire info string will be shown in the block type column of the report.
Output blocks are fenced code blocks that immediately follow a Python block and start with an opening fence like this which has an empty info string.
```
A Python code block has no output if it is followed by any of:
- Python code block
- Python session block
- a fenced code block with a non-empty info string
Test code is generated for it, but there will be no assertion statement.
Directives
Directives are HTML comments containing test generation commands. They are edited into the Markdown file immediately before a fenced code block. It is OK if other HTML comments are present. The <!--phmdoctest-skip--> directive is shown in the raw Markdown below. With the skip directive no test code will be generated from the fenced code block.
<!--phmdoctest-skip-->
<!--Another HTML comment-->
```python
print("Hello World!")
```
Expected Output
```
Hello World!
```
List of Directives
Directive HTML comment | Use on blocks ---------------------------------- | --------------------- <!--phmdoctest-skip--> | code, session, output <!--phmdoctest-label IDENTIFIER--> | code, session <!--phmdoctest-label TEXT--> | any <!--phmdoctest-mark.skip--> | code <!--phmdoctest-mark.skipif<3.N--> | code <!--phmdoctest-setup--> | code <!--phmdoctest-teardown--> | code <!--phmdoctest-share-names--> | code <!--phmdoctest-clear-names--> | code
skip
The skip directive or --skip TEXT command line option prevents code generation for the code or session block. The skip directive can be placed on an expected output block. There it prevents checking expected against actual output. Example.
label on code and sessions:
When used on a Python code block or session the label directive changes the name of the generated test function. Example. Two generated tests, the first without a label, shown in pytest -v terminal output:
test_readme.py::test_code_93 FAILED test_readme.py::test_beta_feature FAILED
label on any fenced code block
On any fenced code block, the label directive identifies the block for later retrieval by the class phmdoctest.tool.FCBChooser(). The FCBChooser is used separately from phmdoctest in a different pytest file. This allows the test developer to write additional test cases for fenced code blocks that are not handled by phmdoctest. The directive value can be any string.
### This is file doc/my_markdown_file.md <!--phmdoctest-label my-fenced-code-block--> ``` The label directive can be placed on any fenced code block. ```
Here is Python code to fetch it:
import phmdoctest.tool
chooser = phmdoctest.tool.FCBChooser("doc/my_markdown_file.md")
text = chooser.contents(label="my-fenced-code-block")
print(text)
Output:
The label directive can be placed on any fenced code block.
pytest skip
The <!--phmdoctest-mark.skip--> directive generates a test case with a @pytest.mark.skip() decorator. Example.
pytest skipif
The <!--phmdoctest-mark.skipif<3.N--> directive generates a test case with the pytest decorator @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, N), reason="requires >=py3.N"). N is a Python minor version number. Example.
setup
A single Python code block can assign names visible to other code blocks by adding a setup directive or using the –setup command line option.
Names assigned by the setup block are copied to the test module’s global namespace after the setup block runs.
Here is an example setup block from setup.md:
import math
mylist = [1, 2, 3]
a, b = 10, 11
def doubler(x):
return x * 2
Using setup modifies the execution context of the Python code blocks in the Markdown file. The names math, mylist, a, b, and doubler are visible to the other Python code blocks. The objects can be modified. Example.
teardown:
Selects a single Python code block that runs at test module teardown time. A teardown block can also be designated using the –teardown command-line option. Example.
share-names:
Names assigned by the Python code block are copied to the test module as globals after the test code runs. This happens at run time. These names are now visible to subsequent test cases generated for Python code blocks in the Markdown file. share-names modifies the execution context as described for the setup directive above. The share-names directive can be used on more than one code block. Example.
This directive effectively joins its Python code block to the following Python code blocks in the Markdown file.
clear-names:
After the test case generated for the Python code block with the clear-names directive runs, all names that were created by one or more preceding share-names directives are deleted. The names that were shared are no longer visible. This directive also deletes the names assigned by setup. Example.
label skip and mark example:
The file directive1.md contains example usage of label, skip, and mark directives. The command below generates test_directive1.py. phmdoctest doc/directive1.md --report produces this report.
phmdoctest doc/directive1.md --outfile test_directive1.py
setup and teardown example:
The file directive2.md contains example usage of label, skip, and mark directives. The command below generates test_directive2.py. phmdoctest doc/directive2.md --report produces this report.
phmdoctest doc/directive2.md --outfile test_directive2.py
share-names clear-names example:
:The file directive3.md contains example usage of share-names and clear-names directives. The command below generates test_directive3.py. phmdoctest doc/directive3.md --report produces this report.
phmdoctest doc/directive3.md --outfile test_directive3.py
Inline annotations:
Inline annotations comment out sections of code. They can be added to the end of lines in Python code blocks. They should be in a comment.
phmdoctest:omitcomments out a section of code. The line it is on, plus following lines at greater indent are commented out.phmdoctest:passcomments out one line of code and prepends the pass statement.
Here is a snippet showing how to place phmdoctest:pass in the code. The second block shows the code that is generated. Note there is no # immediately before phmdoctest:pass. It is not required.
import time
def takes_too_long():
time.sleep(100) # delay for awhile. phmdoctest:pass
takes_too_long()
import time
def takes_too_long():
pass # time.sleep(100) # delay for awhile. phmdoctest:pass
takes_too_long()
Use phmdoctest:omit on single or multi-line statements. Note that two time.sleep(99) calls were commented out. They follow and are indented more that the if condition:line with phmdoctest:omit.
import time # phmdoctest:omit
condition = True
if condition: # phmdoctest:omit
time.sleep(99)
time.sleep(99)
# import time # phmdoctest:omit
condition = True
# if condition: # phmdoctest:omit
# time.sleep(99)
# time.sleep(99)
Inline annotation processing counts the number of commented out sections and adds the count as the suffix _N to the name of the pytest function in the generated test file.
Inline annotations are similar, but less powerful than the Python standard library doctest directive #doctest+SKIP. Improper use of phmdoctest:omit can cause Python syntax errors.
The examples above are snippets that illustrate how to use inline annotations. Here is an example that produces a pytest file from Markdown. The command below takes inline_example.md and generates test_inline_example.py.
phmdoctest doc/inline_example.md --outfile test_inline_example.p
skipping blocks with –skip
If you don’t want to generate test cases for Python blocks precede the block with a skip directive or use the --skip TEXT option. More than one skip directive or--skip TEXTis allowed.
The following describes using --skip TEXT.
The code in each Python block is searched for the substring TEXT. Zero, one or more blocks will contain the substring. These blocks will not generate test cases in the output file.
- The Python code in the fenced code block is searched.
- The info string is not searched.
- Output blocks are not searched.
- Both Python code and session blocks are searched.
- Case is significant.
The report shows which Python blocks are skipped in the test role column and the Python blocks that matched each –skip TEXT in the skips section.
This option makes it very easy to inadvertently exclude Python blocks from the test cases. In the event no test cases are generated, the option --fail-nocode described below is useful.
Three special --skip TEXT strings work a little differently. They select one of the first, second, or last of the Python blocks. Only Python blocks are counted.
--skip FIRSTskips the first Python block.--skip SECONDskips the second Python block.--skip LASTskips the final Python block.
–skip
This command
phmdoctest doc/example2.md --skip "Python 3.7" --skip LAST --report --outfile test_example2.py
Produces the report
doc/example2.md fenced blocks
-----------------------------------------------------
block line test TEXT or directive
type number role quoted and one per line
-----------------------------------------------------
python 9 code
14 output
python 20 skip-code "Python 3.7"
26 skip-output
31 --
python 37 code
python 44 code
51 output
yaml 59 --
text 67 --
py 75 session
python 87 code
94 output
py 102 skip-session "LAST"
-----------------------------------------------------
5 test cases.
1 skipped code blocks.
1 skipped interactive session blocks.
1 code blocks with no output block.
skip pattern matches (blank means no match)
------------------------------------------------
skip pattern matching code block line number(s)
------------------------------------------------
Python 3.7 20
LAST 102
------------------------------------------------
and creates the output file test_example2.py
-s short form of –skip
This is the same command as above using the short -s form of the –skip option in two places. It produces the same report and outfile.
phmdoctest doc/example2.md -s "Python 3.7" -sLAST --report --outfile test_example2.py
–fail-nocode
This option produces a pytest file that will always fail when no Python code or session blocks are found.
If no Python code or session blocks are found in the Markdown file a pytest file is still generated. This also happens when --skip eliminates all the Python code blocks. The generated pytest file will have the function def test_nothing_passes().
If the option --fail-nocode is passed the function is def test_nothing_fails() which raises an assertion.
–setup
A single Python code block can assign names visible to other code blocks by giving the --setup TEXT option. Please see the setup directive above. The rules for TEXT are the same as for --skip TEXT plus…
- Only one block can match
TEXT. - The block cannot match a block that is skipped.
- The block cannot be a session block even though session blocks are searched for
TEXT. - It is ok if the block has an output block. It will be ignored.
–teardown
A single Python code block can supply code run by the pytest teardown_module() fixture. Use the --teardown TEXT option. Please see the teardown directive above. The rules for TEXT are the same as for --setup above except TEXT won’t match a setup block.
Setup example:
For the Markdown file setup.md run this command to see how the blocks are tested.
phmdoctest doc/setup.md --setup FIRST --teardown LAST --report
doc/setup.md fenced blocks
-------------------------------------------------
block line test TEXT or directive
type number role quoted and one per line
-------------------------------------------------
python 9 setup "FIRST"
python 20 code
27 output
python 37 code
42 output
python 47 code
51 output
python 58 teardown "LAST"
-------------------------------------------------
3 test cases.
This command
phmdoctest doc/setup.md --setup FIRST --teardown LAST --outfile test_setup.py
creates the test file test_setup.py
Setup for sessions
The pytest option --doctest-modules is required to run doctest on sessions. Pytest runs doctests in a separate context. For more on this see Execution context below.
To allow sessions to see the variables assigned by the --setup code block, add the option --setup-doctest
Here is an example with setup code and sessions setup_doctest.md. The first part of this file is a copy of setup.md.
This command uses the short form of setup and teardown. -u for setup and -d for teardown.
phmdoctest doc/setup_doctest.md -u FIRST -d LAST --setup-doctest --outfile test_setup_doctest.py
It creates the test file test_setup_doctest.py
Execution context:
When run without --setup
- Pytest and doctest determine the order of test case execution.
- phmdoctest assumes test code and session execution is in file order.
- Test case order is not significant.
- Code and expected output run within a function body of a pytest test case.
- If pytest is invoked with
--doctest-modules:- Sessions are run in a separate doctest execution context.
- Otherwise sessions are not run.
With --setup
- Names assigned by setup code are visible to code blocks.
- Code blocks can modify the objects created by the setup code.
- Code block test case order is significant.
- Session order is not significant.
- If pytest is run with
--doctest-modules:- pytest runs two separate contexts: one for sessions, one for code blocks.
- setup and teardown code is run twice, once by each context.
- the names assigned by the setup code block are
are notvisible to the sessions.
With share-names
- Only following code blocks can modify the shared objects.
- Shared objects will not be visible to sessions if pytest is run with
--doctest-modules. - After running a code block with
clear-names- Shared objects will no longer be visible.
- Names assigned by setup code will no longer be visible.
With --setup and --setup-doctest
Same as the setup section plus:
- names assigned by the setup code block are visible to the sessions.
- Sessions can modify the objects created by the setup code.
- Session order is significant.
- Sessions and code blocks are still running in separate contexts isolated from each other.
- A session can’t affect a code block and a code block can’t affect a session.
- Names assigned by the setup code block are globally visible to the entire test suite via the Pytest doctest_namespace fixture. See hint near the end Hints.
Pytest live logging demos
The live logging demos reveal pytest execution contexts. Pytest Live Logs show the execution order of setup_module(), test cases, sessions, and teardown_module(). The demos are in one of the Travis CI builds.
- Look for the build log here Build.
- Go to last job called Pytest Live Log Demo.
- Go to the Job Log tab.
There are 2 more demo invocations in the workflow action called Pytest Live Log Demo.
Send outfile to stdout
To redirect the above outfile to the standard output stream use one of these two commands.
Be sure to leave out --report when sending –outfile to standard output.
phmdoctest doc/example2.md -s "Python 3.7" -sLAST --outfile -
or
phmdoctest doc/example2.md -s "Python 3.7" -sLAST --outfile=-
Usage
phmdoctest --help
Usage: phmdoctest [OPTIONS] MARKDOWN_FILE
Options:
--outfile TEXT Write generated test case file to path TEXT. "-" writes
to stdout.
-s, --skip TEXT Any Python code or interactive session block that
contains the substring TEXT is not tested. More than
one --skip TEXT is ok. Double quote if TEXT contains
spaces. For example --skip="python 3.7" will skip every
Python block that contains the substring "python 3.7".
If TEXT is one of the 3 capitalized strings FIRST
SECOND LAST the first, second, or last Python code or
session block in the Markdown file is skipped.
--report Show how the Markdown fenced code blocks are used.
--fail-nocode This option sets behavior when the Markdown file has no
Python fenced code blocks or interactive session blocks
or if all such blocks are skipped. When this option is
present the generated pytest file has a test function
called test_nothing_fails() that will raise an
assertion. If this option is not present the generated
pytest file has test_nothing_passes() which will never
fail.
-u, --setup TEXT The Python code block that contains the substring TEXT
is run at test module setup time. Variables assigned at
the outer level are visible as globals to the other
Python code blocks. TEXT should match exactly one code
block. If TEXT is one of the 3 capitalized strings
FIRST SECOND LAST the first, second, or last Python
code or session block in the Markdown file is matched.
A block will not match --setup if it matches --skip, or
if it is a session block. Use --setup-doctest below to
grant Python sessions access to the globals.
-d, --teardown TEXT The Python code block that contains the substring TEXT
is run at test module teardown time. TEXT should match
exactly one code block. If TEXT is one of the 3
capitalized strings FIRST SECOND LAST the first,
second, or last Python code or session block in the
Markdown file is matched. A block will not match
--teardown if it matches either --skip or --setup, or
if it is a session block.
--setup-doctest Make globals created by the --setup Python code block
or setup directive visible to session blocks and only
when they are tested with the pytest --doctest-modules
option. Please note that pytest runs doctests in a
separate context that only runs doctests. This option
is ignored if there is no --setup option.
--version Show the version and exit.
--help Show this message and exit.
Run as a Python module
To run phmdoctest from the command line:
python -m phmdoctest doc/example2.md --report
Call from Python:
To call phmdoctest from within a Python script phmdoctest.simulator offers the function run_and_pytest(). It simulates running phmdoctest from the command line.
- useful during development
- creates the –outfile in a temporary directory
- optionally runs pytest on the outfile
Please see the Latest Development tools API section or the docstring of the function run_and_pytest() in the file simulator.py. pytest_options are passed as a list of strings as shown below.
import phmdoctest.simulator
command = "phmdoctest doc/example1.md --report --outfile test_me.py"
simulator_status = phmdoctest.simulator.run_and_pytest(
well_formed_command=command, pytest_options=["--doctest-modules", "-v"]
)
assert simulator_status.runner_status.exit_code == 0
assert simulator_status.pytest_exit_code == 0
Hints:
- To read the Markdown file from the standard input stream. Use
-for MARKDOWN_FILE. - Write the test file to a temporary directory so that it is always up to date.
- It is easy to use –output by mistake instead of
--outfile. - If Python code block has no output, put assert statements in the code.
- Use pytest option
--doctest-modulesto test the sessions. - Markdown indented code blocks (Spec section 4.4) are ignored.
- simulator_status.runner_status.exit_code == 2 is the click command line usage error.
- Since phmdoctest generates code, the input file should be from a trusted source.
- An empty code block is given the role
del-code. It is not tested. - Use special TEXT values FIRST, SECOND, LAST for the command line options
--setupand--teardownsince they only match one block. - The variable names
managenamespace,doctest_namespace,capsys, and_phm_expected_strshould not be used in Markdown Python code blocks since they may be used in generated code. - Setup and teardown code blocks cannot have expected output.
- To have pytest collect a code block with the label directive start the value with
test_. - With the
--setup-doctestoption, names assigned by the setup code block are globally visible to the entire test suite. This is due to the scope of the Pytest doctest_namespace fixture. Using a separate pytest command to test just the phmdoctest test file is recommended. - The module phmdoctest.fixture is imported at pytest time to support setup, teardown, share-names, and clear-names features.
Directive Hints:
- Only put one of setup, teardown, share-names, or clear-names on a code block.
- Only one block can be setup. Only one block can be teardown.
- The setup or teardown block can’t have an expected output block.
- Label directive may be used, but does not generate a test case name on setup and teardown blocks.
- Directives displayed in the
--reportstart with a dash like this:-label test_fstring. - Code generated by Python blocks with setup and teardown directives runs at the pytest fixture
scope="module"level. - Code generated by Python blocks with share-names and clear-names directives are collected and run by pytest like any other test case.
- A malformed HTML comment ending is bad. Make sure it ends with both dashes like
-->. Running with--reportwill expose that problem. - The setup, teardown, share-names, and clear-names directives have logging. To see the log messages, run pytest with the option:
--log-cli-level=DEBUG --color=yes - There is no limit to number of blank lines after the directive HTML comment but before the fenced code block.
Related projects:
- rundoc
- byexample
- sphinx.ext.doctest
- sybil
- doxec
- egtest
- pytest-codeblocks
